Writing a reflective paper
Essay Topics For 2017
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Effective Crisis Communication Moving Crisis to Opportunity
Question: Examine about the Effective Crisis Communication for Moving Crisis to Opportunity. Answer: Presentation Emergencies the executives is a procedure through which an association manages a troublesome and startling occasion that can hurt its picture openly. Different worldwide associations face emergencies because of their awful decisions. The three normal components to an emergency are danger to the association, the component of shock and a short choice time. Hazard the board includes the board and evaluation of possible dangers and discoveries so as to beat dangers (Barrett, 2014). Associations are centered around shaping a strong system to accomplish reasonable development. General Motors has confronted emergencies in past years however the 2014 emergencies because of its vehicle breaking down significantly hurt the companys picture. The car organization thought of a technique under the rules of CEO Mary Barra. She helped them to methodicallly battle against the emergencies caused in 2014 because of paper report charging the organization for street mishaps and passings. This specific ra te purchased different administrative specialists under inquiry. The association is as yet confronting the results caused because of it (Maiorescu, 2016.). emergencies are an indivisible part in an association residency and they happen at each spot regardless of how large or little the association size is. The most significant piece of emergencies the board is the capacity to defeat the emergency circumstance and set a model for the remainder of the world (Heineman, 2014). Proper case Identification The case is identified with General Motors savage start switch imperfection that caused emergencies of carelessness, deferral of obligation and absence of responsibility. 13 individuals were slaughtered because of the carelessness of the organization. The entire organization went under analysis as it was accounted for that the organization was at that point mindful about the default in the motor. Clients over the globe lost their trust in GM which prompted decline in deals and subsequently influenced the income (Booth,2015). Investigation of Issue A car organization realizes that its items can make hurt its clients should take proper measures to stop them. The fundamental moves should be made getting looked at while announcing issue to The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to determine a suitable cure. General Motors confronted outrageous emergencies in the year 2014 because of start switch review (Cheng,2016). The review caused a long running inward social issue in the association. The representatives were disheartened to make some noise and were rather approached to concentrate on the primary concern. The car organization confronted a review of 8, 00,000 GM vehicles. There were around 31 vehicle mishaps and 13 passings caused because of glitch of motor and airbags. The organization confronted more reviews soon after February 2014 which accounted 2.6 million. GM has confronted in excess of 2000 pay claims for the victims of staff switch (Ulmer,Sellnow and Seeger, 2013). According to the inner examination the organization knew about the imperfections since the mid 2000s. The organization confronted numerous good and legitimate commitments towards the families and casualties. The car organization experienced difficult issue which offered genuine conversation starter on its generosity. The new CEO Mary Barra helped the organization to defeat the issue through its deliberate systems (Crandall, Parnell and Spillan,2013). Utilization of hypotheses and systems General Motors has been in the features because of inability to fix a start switch issue in the year 2014. This specific circumstance allowed a chance to all business chiefs to audit their procedures. It is giving them a productive device to beat the emergencies happening in an association. Business whether large or little needs a technique to conquer emergencies if something turns out badly (McCarthy,2014). A little mix-up can prompt unavoidable emergencies in the association influencing its altruism. The organization needs to recognize the region of default so as to design emergencies happening in future. By having an appropriate arranging instrument the organization can limit the harm to the companys altruism. In the event of General Motors, if the organization has taken fundamental activities ahead of time over the data of discharge. The deferral has gravely influenced General Motors around the world (Lorsch and McTague,2016). GMS new CEO Mary Barra has demonstrated that she is quiet and sure under exceptional tension. She has clarified that, there essential thought process is to concentrate on client culture rather than cost culture. GM in the public interview has apologized and left the feeling that they are qualified to manage such circumstances. In an announcement to representatives she has clarified that workers conduct will help in choosing the fate of the association. They concentrated on building up a precise procedure so as to beat emergencies (Coombs,2014). During emergencies it has gotten essential to decide a correspondence group so as to determine clients inquiry. A general engine during the emergencies has built up a complementary number to address clients gripe. This has helped the organization to enroll in record data identified with breaking down. The emergency correspondence group has helped in tending to the individual issues. The organization received a professional dynamic methodology later calling vehicles having deserts. They paid remuneration to the families and casualties for their misfortune caused because of default in vehicle. This methodology has helped organization to manage each individual client. This has helped them in recapturing certainty of clients once more (Walker, ET AL.2016). It was basic around then Select a representative to speak to the companys perspective. Mary Barra spoke to her organization all around ok during the hour of emergencies by tending to every grievance. She has tended to each individual inquiry made during the public interview. She made her anxiety understood during the press meet that the organization is devoted towards the responsibility they have made to its kin. General Motors has set up an arrangement that emphasis on creating future endeavor. This has gotten significant for an association to build up a superior viable arrangement so as to educate individuals about issues. Wed apologized in broad daylight and referenced plainly that the organization will take out flaw in by and large instrument (Groh,2014). Media procedure helped GM to defeat the harm caused to their generosity. A solid media connection helped in imparting the data to the open that has adequately assisted with conveying data deliberately to the general population. The media procedure made by GM has established a successful connection in the psyche of clients around the world. The media procedure on a since quite a while ago run helped in advancing the companys perspective. It is prescribed to an organization experiencing genuine emergencies to reinforce media technique by centering of overseeing Public connection. This will help in accomplishing long haul objectives (Mitroff and Alpaslan,2014). GMs CEO acknowledged their shortcoming and deficiency in start motor. While saying 'sorry' to open they acknowledged their shortcoming and measured remuneration for the people in question. The organization is explained its situations before all partners. They even paid a fine of $ 35 million for gambling life of individuals. Barra took everything in her grasp and at time when nobody was prepared to assume liability she moves the focal point of the organization from one on cost to client wellbeing. Since 1970s the way of life of General Motor resembled a wipe, it used to bob back to its past shape. Barra made her point understood while expressing the systems of the organization by evacuating its bureaucratic culture. They revealed their three basic beliefs which include: client is their compass, relationship is significant and singular greatness is pivotal. General Motors has consolidated these qualities so as to accomplish wanted objective and to oversee emergencies. They urge representatives to share thought motel companys intrigue. They asked representatives to support security issues and to approach in the event that they discover any issue. This culture in the association will help in floating the worth. Productive correspondence in the middle of workers and the board will help in accomplishing wante d goals. Representatives were stuck in long standing society formed because of past practices. The association was before utilizing customary techniques to connect with representatives. Barras communication with the workers through online life divert has helped in achieving consideration. Web based life sites have become a significant instrument for the organizations to uncover their responsibility (Harte,2014). The new responsibility procedure has assisted with staying focused on greater part of objectives. Remaining valid towards clients will assist them with staying near the target. The internet based life community was opened at Detroit in the year 2013, April. There obligation is to screen fan through 400 internet based life community. This aides in working issues of clients as and when gripe is being enlisted. Web based life helps in building notoriety of the organization. Barra is ideal taking report from the internet based life group to comprehend the perspective on singular client and partner (Mukherjee, 2014). Arranging panel under the direction of CEO Mary Barra has taken noteworthy activities after emergencies. This has helped the association to conquer circumstance stirred out of emergencies because of start motor. Under such a circumstance methodical arranging has helped them to accomplish their destinations so as to accomplish recognized outcomes in future (Shepherd and Vardiman, 2016). Media and ecological checking GM confronted charge and allegations over the world because of the shortcoming in start motor. The shortcoming has influenced the altruism of GM and they are as yet attempting to adapt up to the circumstance. The mishaps and passing caused because of issue in the motor. There were 2.6 million reviews which has radically influenced the picture of the brand. Vermin investigation helps in understanding the circumstance of the organization because of emergencies. It helps in understandin
Saturday, August 22, 2020
[WATCH] What does it really mean to be wealthy
[WATCH] What does it truly mean to be affluent Way of life business person Erin Gavle apparently had everything; incredible degree from a very much regarded college and a lucrative publicizing work in Manhattan.â But she before long acknowledged what she didnââ¬â¢t have was what made a difference most â⬠satisfaction. So she abandoned everything, pressed her things in a van, and lived out of it for a half year in southern California, pondering what she needed to do with the parity of her life.She in the end chose to come back to her Midwestern old neighborhood and open a general store called El Dorado.à Erin plunked down with Daily Fuel to discuss what her rendition of riches genuinely is, and her bits of knowledge are priceless for anybody mulling over their next expertly fulfilling move.Source: [DailyFuel]
Friday, August 21, 2020
Why is the UKs relationship with the rest of the EU so difficult
For what reason is the UKs relationship with the remainder of the EU so troublesome Presentation European nations have seen extraordinary political and monetary reconciliation with a Union of 27 European nations being right now in presence. This dynamic European Union can follow its foundations to the post World War II years when joining among European countries was viewed as important to end the staggering wars between neighbours.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Why is the UKââ¬â¢s relationship with the remainder of the EU so troublesome? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The European Union has accomplished critical development from an underlying participation of 6 countries to the present enrollment of 27 countries. It has risen as a significant political and monetary power on the planet, in any event, taking steps to rival the conventional superpower, the United States of America. Of the 27 individuals making up the European Union, the UK has separate itself as the country that has a dangerous relationship with the EU. Wh ile different countries include a decent relationship inside the association and generally bolster its approaches, the UK keeps on having a for the most part antagonistic relationship with the association. This paper will decide to examine the significant explanations behind the troublesome connection between the UK and the remainder of the EU. Purposes behind the Difficult Relationship The UK is progressively worried about the financial part of the EU than the political measurement. From the beginning, the UK has been hesitant to encourage more grounded political ties with other European nations rather stressing on the monetary component of the association. This is conversely with the perspective on the other EU nations that see political objectives as being similarly significant for the association (Chalmers 23). The primary inspiration of the UK to join the association was financial and the nation never strived for political coordination. Margaret Thatcher who filled in as the Br itish Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 communicated the worries that Britain had with respect to political mix. Thatcher expressed that British was continually losing her autonomy and sway as more dynamic force was moved from the British Parliament to Brussels. The UKââ¬â¢s absence of responsibility to political coordination, which is a center goal for the other EU part states, has expanded the trouble in connection among it and the EU.Advertising Looking for paper on worldwide relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Britainââ¬â¢s relationship with the EU is confounded by the way that Britain was not engaged with the establishing of the European Union. At the point when the six European nations, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg, established the EU, Britain decide to segregate herself from this association. English didn't want to take part in an association with other European nations since her economy was bigger than that of nations, for example, Germany or France. Consequently, Britain ignored the open doors she was given to take an interest during the time spent building up the EU during its early stages. Watts and Pilkington note that due to this dismissal, Britain had barred itself from the definitive occasions occurring close to home (21). This made an obstacle for the UK since it didn't have a section in the setting up of the essential principles that administer the EU (Watts and Pilkington 127). The development of the Union prompted an increasing speed in financial development for the part states and the six part states were going from solidarity to quality. This development convinced Britain to at last join the Union yet by at that point, the six establishing states had formed the network to serve their eventual benefits. As another appearance to the Union, Britain must be content with adjusting to the principles that had just been set up by the establishing club of states. At the point when a nation decides to be an individual from the EU, it surrenders a portion of its national power and consents to be limited by certain strategies that direct the approaches of nations inside the association on social, monetary, and political issues. In contrast to other EU nations, which are prepared to surrender their neighborhood controls and acknowledge the authority of the European Court of Justice, the UK wishes to repatriate power back to Westminster. The UK at present feels presented to EU incorporation and is along these lines searching for approaches to constrain this introduction and accordingly ensure itself (Chalmers 132). The UK has attempted to expel itself from a portion of the understandings of the EU so as to build its autonomy.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Why is the UKââ¬â¢s relationship with the remainder of the EU so troublesome? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Britainââ¬â¢s move towards constraining the authority of EU bodies can be seen from the Conservative Parties 2009 political race statement, which obviously featured their duty to restricting the intensity of the European Court of Justice over Britains courts (Brady 3). In accordance with this desire, Britain means to pull out of the greater part of the EUs wrongdoing and policing co-activity so as to abstain from having the European Court of Justice sabotage Britains precedent-based law customs. Brady sees that the UK needs to remain some portion of explicit components of EU wrongdoing and policing while at the same time ignoring those that are considered negative for the UK (2). This move has made numerous EU part states antagonistic to the UK. Englands legislators have assumed a critical job in making the connection between the UK and the EU troublesome. Begg sees that there is little help for the EU among British legislators with the counter Europe lawmakers directing a considerable political base while those for the EU having little impact in the political arrangement of the nation (1). English parliamentarians are continually requiring a choice in the nation to settle on whether the UK ought to keep up its EU enrollment. Open help for the European Union has consistently been low among Britons and this makes the relationship with other EU part states troublesome since Britain is seen to be an undedicated part. From the beginning, the British didn't consistently support participation to the European Community and enactment on the side of the European mix was casted a ballot into Britain through a little lion's share in favor. The UK is continually renegotiating the provisions of its enrollment to the EU, an activity that is disappointing different individuals from the EU.Advertising Searching for article on worldwide relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Begg takes note of that the UK government is doing a review of its relationship with the EU with the point of making changes to suit the interests of Britain (1). This requirement for renegotiation has been required by the supposed disappointment of Britons with the EU. For EU part states, such activities are viewed as a move towards progressively uncommon ism by British as opposed to encouraging further incorporation. The unique connection between the UK and the US has made Britains relationship with the remainder of the EU troublesome since UK international strategy generally began by attempting to fabricate an Anglo-US position. England has for a considerable length of time built up a nearby and extraordinary respective relationship with the US and the two governments have continually sort to help out one another and take part in profound discussion. Niblett noticed that the UK and the US has numerous basic international strategy destinations that they cooperatively seek after (63 7). These solid respective relations will in general make the EU an auxiliary gathering to the US most definitely. The negative view of profound US-UK connections by EU part states can be seen by the recorded endeavor by French President Charles de Gaulle to veto Britains application to join the network in 1961 where President de Gaulle declared that Britainââ¬â¢s ties with the US would be block to the UKs commitment to the European Union. Patriotism goes about as a significant sabotaging power for Britainââ¬â¢s association in the EU. Watts and Pilkington states that Britain is the EU part that has for the most part utilized euroscepticism to protect national sway against the infringement of an outsider Europe (110). In 1994, Leon Brittan, a previous British Commissioner communicated the anxiety about Brussels because of the discernment that it was meddling where it ought not do as such and the conviction that Brussels needed adequate majority rule authenticity. Following the EU expansion, the UKs impact in the Union has diminished significantly and it is not, at this point ready to direct the EU banter or effectively intervene with most of EU individuals. This absence of noteworthy force in the association has expanded nationalistic propensities to the detriment of inclusion in the EU. Englands thought of her job on the planet additionally adds to making the connection between the nation and the remainder of the EU troublesome. George recommends that because of her great chronicled inheritance, the British populace and its legislators feels better than the other European nations and are along these lines reluctant to relate on an equivalent balance with them (42). For quite a long time, the British Empire essentially affected the world with Britain having states on each mainland at the stature of her majestic time. With such an inheritance, entering the EU for Britain implied lost a portion of its overall impact. This has made a mental obstruction that has extraordinarily stressed Britains relationship with the remainder of the EU. The UK has consistently acted as an autonomous gathering to the EU rather than a part state. This observation was best verbalized during Margaret Thatchers rule, which was portrayed by expanded political detachment. During this period, the UK sort to feature her sway and restriction to political and social incorporation with the remainder of Europe. Scarcely 3 y
Wednesday, June 17, 2020
Luo Submission - 550 Words
Luo Submission (Essay Sample) Content: Name Instructor Course Date Luo Submission The Analects of Confucius The book is insistent that man must distribute love for his pets and parents at equal intensity. Besides, it calls for people to get educated as much as possible to better themselves and also the need to exercise teamwork, good governance, unselfishness, and empathy to promote moral virtues. However, the book is chauvinistic in nature because the author addressed the issues of sons only and forgot daughters, both of which are important people in the society. Three Kingdoms The gleams at the feudal lords and their retainer, explaining further the need of using strategy during wars as it made fighter victorious. I am convinced by the comments that war can be fruitful or disastrous to people. However, it is ironical that the book explained the importance of democracy at the time when the Han dynasty used brutality to threaten the people. There was no democracy! The Inner Quarters: The Marriage and Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period The book empowers women to contribute to the society despite the chauvinism that existed at that time. This was sarcastic because widows were being discouraged from getting married again. The Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion The book described how life was in China before it was invaded by the Mongol. I see the Mongols as brutal people though they contributed something to the economy and culture of the Chinese of today. China's Examination Hell Ichisida applauded the examination system of China. The exams were tough and encouraged students to study hard and thus China has developed that much. It is agreeable to me considering that China is presently rivaling the USA on political and economic platforms. Genghis Khan Khan conquered the worl...
Monday, May 18, 2020
Informative Speech on Eating Healthy While Having a Busy...
Rhea Lopez Informative Speech 9:00 am- 10:25am October 8, 2012 Topic: Eating Healthy With A Busy Lifestyle General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience how to eat healthily on the run Central Idea: Ill talk about choosing healthy foods when at a restaurant, packing your lunch, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand. INTRODUCTION Attention- getter: Good morning ladies and gentlemen. My name is Rhea Lopez and Im here to talk about eating healthy with a busy lifestyle. How many of you find it a challenge to eat healthy because you are always running somewhere such as from work to school or from school to another activity? Relevance to audience: Most of us are and you areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦C. Many convenient options available like 1. Pre-cooked or pre-cut meat 2. Fruit cups, apple sauce, and yogurts.. D. Microwaveable frozen healthy dinners are another option like Lean Cuisine and Healthy Choice. E. It can be prepared the night before for convenience. I. In addition to choosing healthy foods when at a restaurant and packing lunch, healthy snacks can easily accessible to stave off hunger. A. Water is the recommended healthy drink and we should always carry bottled water with us in anywhere we go. B. Fruits, yogurt smoothies, and whole grain cereal bars are example of snacks that are healthy and good foods on the go. CONCLUSION Summary Statement: We have looked at various options for eating healthy on the go. We have learned how to pack a lunch and choosing the right food for lunch and its benefits which are easy to prepare and less expensive. Weve also learned the healthy foods to order when you are at a restaurant which includes the choice of salad, baked and grilled entrees, and fruits for breakfast or dessert and lastly, Ive given you examples of healthy snacks on the go like cereal bars, fruits and yogurt smoothies along with water. Audience response statement: You now have ideas on how to eat healthy while having a busy lifestyle. WOW statement: Keep in mind that The greatest wealth is health. REFERENCES Cooking. Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 14 Dec.Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech on Fitness Essay1079 Words à |à 5 PagesSpeech Topic: College Fitness Speech Title: How To Stay Fit in College Speech Type: Informative Audience Analysis Knowledge: Many listeners have 1st hand knowledge on what its like being a college kid, specifically the problem of being broke and busy in college and how hard it is to prioritize personal fitness, however, this knowledge probably goes without the knowledge of the techniques of staying fit even with a hectic lifestyle. Attitudes: The audience more than likely feels some disdainRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesinfluential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzbergââ¬â¢s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same, the research summarizedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words à |à 760 Pages.............................................................................. 228 Telling Only Half the Truth .............................................................................................................. 229 Telling the Truth, While Still Misleading ....................................................................................... 235 Saying Little with Lots of Words ..................................................................................................... 235 Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 PagesMathematics Teacher, the AP Central web site, The American Statistician, and the Journal of the American Statistical Association. He currently writes a column for Stats magazine. Chris graduated from Iowa State University with a major in mathematics and, while acquiring graduate degrees at the University of Iowa, concentrated on statistics, computer programming, psychometrics, and test development. Currently, he divides his duties between teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessmentRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 Pagesoriented but also to be wise in their decision making. This requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. McAuley et al. helps student a nd managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà © Tissen, Nyenrode
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
personal security Essay - 1574 Words
Personal Security MEASURES TAKEN TO PROTECT OURSELVEs Security is an ever changing and expanding tool that will need to be utilized until we have nothing to fear. There are no assurances of individual well-being in any setting. Terrorism is in our own backyards because last I checked rape, theft, assault, home invasions and carjacking are all forms of terrorism. Most people believe security is someone elseââ¬â¢s responsibility but there are far too many people in the world for law enforcement agencies to possibly protect all at once. So thatââ¬â¢s why many look into personal safety measures and discovering ways to protect themselves. I feel it is incumbent upon each individual to safeguard themselves against becoming the victim of aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However none of those skills will work or be any good to you if you are not aware of your settings. Cognizance of your situation consist of being heedful of where you are and where you are travelling, but also being aware about the state of your surroundings. The per fect mark for any would be aggressor is a timid, absentminded, preoccupied individual ignorant of their environment. And who seriously wants to be that vulnerable or that easy of a target. Ways that things such as that can be prevented is by taking the following precautions: 1. Walk with a friend whenever possible 2. Be alert and aware of your surroundings whether it be day or night. 3. Use well-lit routes 4. Trust your instincts. These are all suggestions of crime prevention and personal safety offered by Caltech. (Caltech Security, 2013) Knowing the crime trends or statistics of an area can be extremely helpful as well. Using the following websites one can find out about the crime in the United States because they make available the most inclusive breakdown of violent and property crime in the nation. They pull together the bulk of and frequency of crime offenses for the nation, states, cities and counties and goes back as far as 1960s. The sites are www.fbi.gov/stats-s ervices/crimerates and www.crimetrends.com but honestly if all else fails just google it. But if you are like me and want toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Information And Network Security2054 Words à |à 9 Pages Personal information and network security is vital in todayââ¬â¢s online environment. There are my people that are out there to get someoneââ¬â¢s personal information in order to either to seal the personal information for financial gain or in some cases personal harassment. Ensuring that your equipment and settings are kept to a degree that works well for your usage can minimize these types of attacks. 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This proverb comes from Solomon and starts off with the difference between the foolish son and a wise son. The wise son gives joy to the to the parent whereas the foolish one brings sorrow. In the same sort of comparison continuing on with the foolish like the lazy and the wise like the diligent, the proverb continues on in
Report on Clinical Practice Improvement Project
Question: Describe about the Clinical Practice Improvement Project Report. Answer: Relevance of Clinical Governance to your project Clinical governance is a systematic approach of improving and sustaining the quality of care provided to the patients in a health care system. Clinical governance is an important part in the health care system, as it helps to sustain the quality improvement and informs the deterioration in health care quality in a health care system. In the United Kingdom National Health Service, clinical governance has been described as A framework through which NHS organizations are accountable for continually improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish (Haas and Haines 2014). However, clinical governance includes three key aspects, transparent responsibility, high standard of care and accountability of that high standard of care. Here, in this project, the aim is to prevent the risk of fall, which is considered as one of the key responsibilities of nurses in a health care setting. It h as been revealed that risk of fall and related injury is significantly high in the hospital patients. Thus, nurses need to gain sufficient knowledge and skills to prevent the risk of fall and related injury of the patients. One of the critical roles of clinical governance in health care is to identify the safety and security issues in the clinical performance and to improve clinical performance to eliminate those risks (Haines et al. 2014). Thus, preventing the risk of fall and related harm is relevant to the clinical governance in health care settings. One of the key elements of clinical governance is education and training. Thus education and health promotion of the elderly people regarding fall and related injury is relevant to the clinical governance. According to the National competency standard for Registered Nurse in Australia provided by NMBA, the registered nurses are accountable for recognizing the risk of falls (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2013). The project aims to educate the patients about the fall prevention and to improve the clinical fall prevention measures by assessment and promotion of the fall prevention measures and education. The professional standards of Nurses included the standards, where it has been stated that nurses should make the clinical decisions including the patients perspective and should promote patients education. In addition, quality is the key skills of the registered nurses. Thus, the project topic is relevant to the clinical governance. Evidence that the issue / problem is worth solving: Fall and related injury is one of the most common and serious medical issue, which is most often experienced by the aged population, who are in the long-term hospital care. The Australian Commission of Safety and Quality in Healthcare has considered the falls as one of the largest harm-causing incident in the Australia for healthcare. Government and the national board have undertaken a number of initiatives to reduce the incidents of fall and related harms in elderly. It has been revealed from the evidences that lack of knowledge, lack of support and proper supervision are the leading causes behind the fall and related risk. It has been revealed from the existing literatures that, 75% of the hip fracture patients, who are above 65 years old, have high risk of reduced health status due to fall related injury, especially, while residing in hospital or long-term residential care (Liu et al 2012). WHO documented that around 35% aged population more than 65 years old have a fall rate of 3 2-425 per year, which is increasing significantly (World Health Organization 2016). In addition, increasing fall rate is also enhancing the health care cost, which has been estimated as $6500 per fall related serious injury. In addition, the social dimension of fall related consequences include reduced independence of the patients, which has significant impact upon the victims family, friends and community. The Australian commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care provided several guidelines for fall prevention in different health care sectors. These policies and procedures include education and health promotional practices for improving the clinical care quality. Thus, from the evidences, it can be said that, the problem is worth solving. Thus, this project will include the proposed interventions and will be evaluated in the next part. It has been seen in evidences that there are different kinds of successful interventions for preventing falls in elderly people (Gillespie et a l. 2012). Key Stakeholders: In this project, each stakeholder have significant role in the success of the project. The key stakeholders include patients, nurses, patients family, health care organization management and the other health care staffs. Nurse Managers have significant role in implementing the successful intervention for reducing the fall rate of elderly person in the hospitals. Here, in this project, the aim is to educate patients and promoting their health. The patients, who are more than 65 years old and nurses have the most significant role in the project, as the stakeholders. It is because, the nurses are the one, who would educate patients and the patients are the one who would be educated regarding fall prevention. On the other hand, following the principles of person-centred care approach, the nurse managers would have the role of decision making and guiding the members, who are accountable for quality improvement in fall prevention in the healthcare system (Nadelson and Nadelson 2014). The p atients family or other caregivers are responsible for reporting any kind of changes in the process during the intervention period. CPI Tool: CPI tool is the abbreviation of the clinical practice improvement tool, which are used for ensuring the improvement in the clinical practice implemented in the health care sector. There is several clinical practice improvement tools used in different clinical practice, but the tools or strategies relevant for the corporate business would not be suitable for the health care sectors. Thus, Plan-Do-Study-Act or PDSA tool has been implemented in this project. This clinical practice improvement tool is used for quality improvement projects, like the current project and in the research studies, which aim to introduce positive change in the health care process, promoting the positive outcomes. The purpose of this clinical practice improvement tool is to build a functional relationship with the change in processes and outcomes (Khong et al. 2015). The tool helps in gradual improvement upon a change implementation in a health care sector. Three key questions are answered through the PDSA tool , these are: 1) What is the project goal? 2) How will the goal be achieved using PDSA tool? And 3) What will be consequences after reaching the goal? In this project, the tool can be implemented gradually in the following way: The first step in this process is to plan the change based on the identified issues, which needs change in the health care system. This step required ideas for improving the current situation or issues faced in the health care system. However, the ideas must align with the project aim and objectives, to assure the success of the plan (Koh et al. 2014). The next step is to do, that means to implement the change in the health care context and document the consequences of the implemented change. In this step, any kind of unexpected change-related consequences should be recorded. The third step includes to study, i.e. study the existing literature on the project topic, reviewing them and reflect on the analysis of data gathered in the previous step. In this process, the improvement related to the project interventions, which are also present in the literatures would enhance its reliability and other processes, which might have better outcomes would also be identified. The final step is to act. It is the step, where the interventions of smaller scale project are implemented in larger scale, if the outcomes of the smaller project meet the project objectives successfully. The successful project interventions are implemented in the health care settings for improving the clinical care quality (Department of Health 2010). In this current project, PDSA has been used as it helps in gradual and systematic implementation of change in the health care setting. Here, the patients knowledge would be assessed, based on which appropriate health promotion and educational sessions would be implemented, to enhance their self-control and self-esteem, which would help the participant group to reduce the risk of fall (Gleeson et al. 2014). Here, the nurse manager a registered nurse would plan and guide the educational sessions, addressing the current issue. Summary of proposed interventions: According to Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (2012) the PDSA tool is used for having the quantitative measures to reach the define goals. In the initial step, the multidisciplinary team will assess the fall rate and reports in last 3 months, in which hospital project will be implemented. The nurse managers in the multidisciplinary team will collect the fall related reports in the hospital, which would include the incident rate of falls and the factors promoting the risk of falls in the patients. In this project, the test group would be the aged people, who are more than 65 years old. Liu et al. (2012) showed successful educational interventions for older aduts, who showed significant benefit over the sessions. Hill et al. (2013) have shown the effectiveness of educational management of the older adults fall prevention in hospital settings. Here, the project will include three intervention steps; in the initial step, the registered nurses in the hospital wil l be assessed for their knowledge about the fall prevention and their role in educating patients about the fall prevention strategies. After assuring that the registered nurses have enough skills to educate patients about the fall prevention measures, the registered nurse would undergo a discussion about the fall prevention measures in the hospital. With the help of the information revealed from the group discussion, the intervention plan would be made. In this context, 30 patients, who are above 65 years old, would be selected randomly and they will be educated with 6 weeks educational sessions regarding the fall prevention measures along with a 4 weeks health promotion sessions regarding risk of fall and related hazard control, where the family members of the patients would also be allowed to participate. A questionnaire will be prepared for pre-test and post-test assessment. The pre-test assessment will be done before the educational sessions and the post-test assessment will be done after the educational sessions. The data will be collected after 1 week and the final data will be collected after completion of the 6 week sessions. Each questionnaire would include 20 questions (Liu et al. 2012). On the other hand, another proposed intervention would include 6 week fall prevention and gait-balance exercise sessions. Here, also pre and post test assessment would be done through physical test. Gianoudis et al. (2012) highlighted the protocol for the community-based multi-modal exercise program for older adults , which have successfully reduced their risk of falls. Valenzuela (2012) showed that the progressive resistnce training intervention can also help older adults to prevent falls. In the initial steps, skilled trainers would be appointed upon assessing their training skills, which would be aligned with the questionnaire formed for the pre and post test assessment. Barriers to implementation and sustaining change: In spite of the evidence-based intervention plans in this project, the projects have some barriers of implementation. Gleeson et al. (2014) claimed that lack of financial and team support from the nurse managers decreases the motivation level of the registered nurse. On the other hand, the lack of financial resources can lead to unavailability of the required devices and equipments for the successful intervention of the project. On the other hand, lack of teamwork has been noted as a significant factor affecting the change implementation, it is because, clinical health care activities are dependent on the cooperative nature of the multidisciplinary team, where the medical care givers work depending upon each others. On the other hand, acceptance of the change implementation in a large scale, by the hospital management can also be a barrier of implementation and sustaining change. Evaluation of the project: The data gathered from the quantitative investigation through this project would be evaluated through the statistical analysis tools for assessing the improvement in the patients knowledge and self-esteem regarding the fall prevention strategies. The data would again be collected after 3 months of the project completion, for collecting the follow up data. It would enhance the reliability of the project findings. In this study, positive result is collected from the intervention, showing improved patient knowledge regarding the fall prevention measures and risk assessment. Reference List Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care 2012, National Safety and Quality Health Service Standard, Commonwealth of Australia. Department of Health 2010, The Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) Model for Improvement Project Workbook, viewed 23rd August 2015 https://www.health.vic.gov.au/pch/downloads/pdsa_model_improvement_workbook.pdf Gleeson, M, Sherrington, C and Keay, L 2014, Improving Balance and Mobility in people over 50 years of age with vision impairments: can the Alexander technique help? A study protocol for the visibility randomised controlled trial, Pubmed, vol 20. Koh, SS, Manias, E, Hutchincsin, AM, Donath, S and Johnston, L 2008, Nurses perceived barriers to the implementation of a fall prevention clinical practice guideline in Singapore hospital, BMC Health Service Research, vol.8, pp.1-10. Liu, H, Shen, J and Xiao, LD 2012, Effectiveness of an educational intervention on improving knowledge level of chinese registered nurses on prevention of falls in hospitalized older people- A randomized controlled trial, Nurse Education Today, vol. 32, pp. 695-702. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2013, National Competency Standards for the registered nurse, Australia. Haas, R. and Haines, T.P., 2014, ' Twelve month follow up of a falls prevention program in older adults from diverse populations in Australia: A qualitative study' , Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, vol 58, no. 2 , pp.283-292. Haines, T.P., Day, L., Hill, K.D., Clemson, L. and Finch, C., 2014, ' Better for others than for me: A belief that should shape our efforts to promote participation in falls prevention strategies' , Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, vol 59, no. 1, pp.136-144 Khong, L., Farringdon, F., Hill, K.D. and Hill, A.M., 2015, ' We are all one together: peer educators views about falls prevention education for community-dwelling older adults-a qualitative study ', BMC geriatrics, vol 15, no.1 , p.1. Nadelson, S. and Nadelson, L.S., 2014, ' Evidence?Based Practice Article Reviews Using CASP Tools: A Method for Teaching EBP ', Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing, vol 11, no.5 , pp.344-346. World Health Organization 2016, Falls Prevention in Older Age, viewed 29th August 2016, https://www.who.int/ageing/projects/falls_prevention_older_age/en/ Gillespie, L.D., Robertson, M.C., Gillespie, W.J., Sherrington, C., Gates, S., Clemson, L.M. and Lamb, S.E., 2012. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9(11). Gianoudis, J., Bailey, C.A., Sanders, K.M., Nowson, C.A., Hill, K., Ebeling, P.R. and Daly, R.M., 2012. Osteo-cise: strong bones for life: protocol for a community-based randomised controlled trial of a multi-modal exercise and osteoporosis education program for older adults at risk of falls and fractures. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 13(1), p.1. Valenzuela, T., 2012. Efficacy of progressive resistance training interventions in older adults in nursing homes: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13(5), pp.418-428. Liu, H., Shen, J. and Xiao, L.D., 2012. Effectiveness of an educational intervention on improving knowledge level of Chinese registered nurses on prevention of falls in hospitalized older peopleA randomized controlled trial.Nurse education today, 32(6), pp.695-702. Hill, A.M., Etherton-Beer, C. and Haines, T.P., 2013. Tailored education for older patients to facilitate engagement in falls prevention strategies after hospital dischargea pilot randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 8(5), p.e63450.
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